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    鸭绿江水丰水库外来种梭鲈的年龄结构和生长特性研究

    Age structure and growth characteristics of alien Sander lucioperca in Shuifeng Reservoir of the Yalu River

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      目的 摸清外来种梭鲈（Sander lucioperca）在鸭绿江水丰水库的生长情况。
      方法 以2021 年6 月—2023 年 9月在水丰水库采样点采集的198 尾梭鲈为研究对象，以脊椎骨为年龄鉴定材料，对梭鲈的年龄结构和生长特性进行研究。
      结果 采集的梭鲈样本体长为26~520 mm，其中101~200 mm的个体占样本总量的48.5%，体质量为0.3~1 935.0 g，151 g以下的个体占样本总量的70.2%；样本由1~5 龄5 个年龄组组成，以1 龄鱼为主，占样本总量的50.0%。体长与体质量拟合关系式为Wt=6×10−6Lt3.150 （R² = 0.992 4，n=198，P>0.05），为匀速生长类型。选用直线方程拟合梭鲈体长与脊椎骨半径的关系，其关系式为L=91.14r + 24.693（R2=0.967 5，n=198）。从生长指标看，梭鲈5 龄前的体长相对增长率和生长指标较高，其生长比速平均值为0.366，生长常数平均值为1.679，生长指标平均值为88.573；从第4 龄到第5 龄，梭鲈的生长比速为0.076、生长常数为0.683、生长指标为36.584，生长速度明显下降。选用Von Bertalanffy生长方程描述梭鲈的生长，体长生长方程为Lt=815.681 1−e−0.200（t−0.033），体质量生长方程为Wt=8409.9821−e−0.200（t−0.033）3.150；体长生长速度和体长生长加速度方程分别为dL/dt=163.136e−0.200（t−0.033）、d2L/dt2=−32.627e−0.200（t−0.033），体长生长速度和体长生长加速度曲线均无拐点，体长生长速度与年龄呈反比，体长加速度与年龄呈正比，体质量生长速度和体质量生长加速度方程分别为dW/dt=5298.289e−0.200（t−0.033）1−e−0.200（t−0.033）2.150、d2W/dt2=1059.658e−0.200（t−0.033）1−e−0.200（t−0.033）1.1503.150e−0.200（t−0.033）−1，体质量生长速度和体质量生长加速度曲线有拐点，体质量生长速度先增加后降低；梭鲈的生长拐点年龄为5.77 龄，对应的体长和体质量分别为557 mm和2 525.20 g。
      结论 外来种梭鲈能够适应水丰水库的环境，已建立自然种群。目前梭鲈的年龄结构相对简单，属于增长型。
      意义 本研究结果可为鸭绿江水丰水库外来种梭鲈资源的利用与管理提供参考依据。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective The aim of the present study is to investigate the growth of alien Sander lucioperca in Shuifeng Reservoir.
      Methods From June 2021 to September 2023, 198 samples were collected from various sites within the Shuifeng Reservoir of the Yalu River. These samples were used to study the growth characteristics and age structure of S. lucioperca in the reservoir, using vertebrae sections as the primary material for age identification.
      Results The results showed that the body length of S. lucioperca ranged from 26 to 520 mm, with individuals from 101 to 200 mm constituted 48.5% of the total specimens, the body mass ranged from 0.3 to 1935.0 g. Individuals below 151 g represented 70.2% of the total specimens. The specimens were comprised of 5 age groups ranging from 1 to 5, while the dominated age was 1, accounting for 50.0% of the total specimens. The relation between body length and body weight was Wt=6×10−6Lt3.150(R²=0.992 4, n=198, P>0.05), which was consistent with uniform growth characteristics. The relationship between body length (mm) and vertebrae spine radius (mm) calculated by linear equation was L=91.14r+24.693 (R2=0.967 5, n=198). Based on the growth index, the relative growth rate of body length and the growth index were higher before the fish reached 5 years of age, with an average growth rate of 0.366, a growth constant of 1.679, and a growth index of 88.573. Between the 4th and 5th years, the growth ratio dropped to 0.076, the growth constant decreased to 0.683, the growth index fell to 36.584, and the growth rate significantly declined. The Von Bertalanffy growth equations were expressed as Lt=815.6811−e−0.200(t−0.033) , and Wt=8409.9821−e−0.200(t−0.033)3.150. The equation of growth rate and acceleration of body length were described as dL/dt=163.136e−0.200(t−0.033), d2L/dt2=−32.627e−0.200(t−0.033), the equation of growth rate and acceleration of body mass were described as dW/dt=5298.289 e−0.200(t−0.033)1−e−0.200(t−0.033)2.150, d2W/dt2=1059.658e−0.200(t−0.033)1−e−0.200(t−0.033)1.150 3.150e−0.200(t−0.033)−1. Neither the body length growth rate nor the acceleration curves showed any inflection points; the growth rate was inversely proportional to age, while acceleration was directly proportional to age. In contrast, the body mass growth rate and acceleration curves exhibited inflection points, with the growth rate initially increasing and then decreasing. The inflection point of the growth curve occurred at 5.77 years, with a body length of 557 mm and a weight of 2525.20 g.
      Conclusion The findings suggest that S. lucioperca has established natural populations in Shuifeng Reservoir. At present, the age structure of S. lucioperca is relatively simple, belonging to the increase type. Significance The results of this study may provide a reference for the utilization and management of the alien species S. lucioperca in Shuifeng Reservoir of the Yalu River.

       

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