福建省富屯溪鱼类组成及多样性研究

    The composition and biodiversity of fishes in Futun River, Fujian Province

    • 摘要:
      目的 评估福建省富屯溪的鱼类组成和多样性,通过分析2023年富屯溪鱼类群落的调查结果,并与历史数据进行对比,了解富屯溪鱼类种类组成、优势种、常见种和生态类型等群落结构的多样性特征。
      方法 2023年2月—12月,逐月对富屯溪进行鱼类资源采样调查。采用定置三层刺网和定置折叠倒须笼作为捕捞工具,对渔获物样品进行物种鉴定和鱼类组成分析。采用相对多度、相对重要性指数值(IRI)、丰富度指数(Margalef)、多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener)和均匀度指数(Pielou)评估鱼类群落的多样性。
      结果 本次调查共记录到56种鱼类,隶属5目13科。对比1984年的调查结果,鱼类种类组成已发生显著变化,但鲤科鱼类仍占据主导地位,未发现花鳗鲡(Anguilla marmorata)等3种国家二级水生保护野生动物。通过Pinkas的IRI指数分析,确定了大眼华鳊(Sinibrama macrops)等3种鱼类为优势种,半刺光唇鱼(Acrossocheilius hemispinus)等9种鱼类为常见种。多样性指数分析显示,S2站位的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数最高(2.95),而S4站位最低(1.39);S2站位的Margalef丰富度指数最高(4.89),S1站位最低(2.12)。
      结论 研究结果显示,富屯溪鱼类群落结构已发生显著变化,表现为鱼类总种类数减少,鲤科鱼类持续占优,部分保护鱼类缺失,以及外来物种对本地群落的影响增大,突显了生态系统保护的紧迫性。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective This study aims to assess the composition and biodiversity of fishes in Futun River by analyzing the results of the 2023 fish community survey and comparing them with historical data. Insights into biodiversity, including species composition, dominant and common species, and ecological types, were obtained.
      Methods The fish resource sampling survey was conducted in Futun River from February to December, 2023. Fixed three-layer gillnets and folding funnel traps were employed as fishing tools. Morphological data, such as body length and body mass, were recorded. Ecological indices, including relative abundance, index of relative importance (IRI), Margalef richness index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, and Pielou evenness index, were utilized to evaluate the diversity of the fish community. The data collected from each sampling site were processed and analyzed using statistical analysis software.
      Results The survey recorded 56 species across five orders and 13 families, indicating a significant decline in species number and notable shifts in composition since 1984; however, Cyprinidae remained prevalent. Three nationally protected species, including Anguilla marmorata, were absent from the survey. Using Pinkas’ IRI index, three species, including Sinibrama macrops, etc., were identified as dominant, while nine species, such as Acrossocheilius hemispinus, etc., were recognized as common. Biodiversity indices revealed the highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index at site S2 (2.95) and the lowest at site S4 (1.39), with the Margalef richness index peaking at site S2 (4.89) and dipping at site S1 (2.12).
      Conclusion The research findings indicate significant changes in the structure of the fish community in Futun River. These changes are characterized by a reduction in the total number of species, the continued dominance of Cyprinidae, the absence of certain protected species, and the increasing impact of alien species on the local community, highlighting the urgent need for ecosystem protection.

       

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