4种消毒剂对仿刺参幼参的急性毒性试验

    Acute toxicity test of four disinfectants on juvenile Apostichopus japonicus

    • 摘要:
      背景 仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)作为重要的海水经济养殖品种,其育苗过程中的水质管理及病害防控尤为重要。预防和控制其疾病的关键手段之一是使用消毒剂对水质和底质进行消毒。消毒剂的选择需兼顾有效性与安全性,以避免对幼参造成不可逆的损害。
      目的 研究4种常用消毒剂对仿刺参幼参的急性毒性,为仿刺参育苗过程中合理地选择消毒剂提供理论依据。
      方法 选取健康、规格一致的仿刺参幼参作为试验对象,采用静水试验法开展4种常用水产消毒剂的急性毒性试验,计算各消毒剂在不同暴露时间下的半致死浓度(LC50)及安全浓度,以评估其毒性效应。
      结果 当采用二氧化氯处理24、48、72和96 h时,仿刺参的半致死浓度(LC50)分别为2.97、2.06、1.56和0.96 mg/L,安全浓度为0.43 mg/L;当采用过硫酸氢钾处理24、48、72和96 h时,仿刺参的半致死浓度(LC50)分别为9.66、6.53、5.50和5.07 mg/L,安全浓度为1.32 mg/L;当采用二溴海因处理24、48、72和96 h时,仿刺参的半致死浓度(LC50)分别为12.80、7.84、7.01和6.02 mg/L,安全浓度为1.44 mg/L;当采用聚维酮碘处理24、48、72和96 h时,仿刺参的半致死浓度(LC50)分别为11.95、9.30、8.51和8.13 mg/L,安全浓度为2.17 mg/L。研究结果表明,二氧化氯表现出最强的急性毒性,其LC50值随时间的延长而显著下降,表明其对仿刺参幼参的毒性作用迅速且强烈。相比之下,过硫酸氢钾、二溴海因及聚维酮碘的毒性依次减弱。
      结论 4种消毒剂对仿刺参幼苗的毒性依次为二氧化氯>过硫酸氢钾>二溴海因>聚维酮碘,结合不同消毒剂的抑菌能力,可优先选用过硫酸氢钾作为消毒剂。

       

      Abstract:
      Background Sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) is a significant species in marine aquaculture, valued for its nutritional and medicinal properties. Ensuring the health and vitality of sea cucumber seedlings is crucial for the success of the industry. Water quality and disease prevention are two key factors that directly influence seedling survival and growth rates. Disinfectants play a vital role in preventing and controlling diseases during the seedling cultivation process. When selecting disinfectants for sea cucumber cultivation, it is essential to strike a delicate balance between their efficacy against pathogens and potential toxicity to the target species. Excessive or inappropriate use of disinfectants can lead to adverse effects on seedlings, including mortality, growth retardation, and physiological stress. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct scientific studies to assess the toxicity profiles of various disinfectants and determine their safe concentrations for use.
      Objective This research project aims to comprehensively evaluate the acute toxicity effects of four commonly used disinfectants on A. japonicus seedlings, with the primary objective of providing practical and actionable guidance to growers.
      Methods Acute toxicity experiments were conducted on four disinfectants commonly used in aquaculture, employing the static water experiment method. Juvenile A. japonicus were used as the experimental subjects. The experiments were taken place in controlled environments, ensuring consistent water quality parameters such as temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen. Seedlings were exposed to the disinfectants for a specified duration, during which their behavior, survival rates, and any visible signs of toxicity were closely monitored. After the exposure period, data were collected and analyzed to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50) for each disinfectant.
      Results The results showed that the 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours median lethal concentrations (LC50) of chlorine dioxide were 2.97, 2.06, 1.56, and 0.96 mg/L, respectively, with a safe concentration of 0.43 mg/L at 48 hours. For potassium hydrogen persulfate, the LC50 values at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours were 9.66, 6.53, 5.50, and 5.07 mg/L, respectively, with a 48-hour safe concentration of 1.32 mg/L. The LC50 values for dibromohydantoin were 12.80, 7.84, 7.01, and 6.02 mg/L at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours, respectively, with a 48-hour safe concentration of 1.44 mg/L. For povidone-iodine, the LC50 values were 11.95, 9.30, 8.51, and 8.13 mg/L at the same time intervals, with a 48-hour safe concentration of 2.17 mg/L.
      Conclusion The virulence of the disinfectants to A. japonicus manifested as chlorine dioxide > potassium hydrogen persulfate > dibromohydantoin > povidone-iodine. Considering the antibacterial ability of different disinfectants, potassium hydrogen persulfate can be preferred as the disinfectant. The results of this study will offer valuable insights into the safe use of disinfectants in sea cucumber aquaculture.

       

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