稻田混养异育银鲫对稻蟹综合种养系统微生物群落结构的影响

李赫; 胡宗云; 肖祖国; 封岩; 吴丽娜; 李敬伟; 闫有利

doi:10.14012/j.jfr.2024089

稻田混养异育银鲫对稻蟹综合种养系统微生物群落结构的影响

Effects of Carassius auratus gibelio var. CAS Ⅲ cultured in the paddy fields on microbiota community structure of the rice-crab culture systems

摘要

摘要:
目的研究稻田中套养不同密度异育银鲫“中科3号”（Carassius auratus gibelio var. CAS Ⅲ，以下简称异育银鲫）对中华绒螯蟹（Eriocheir sinensis）肠道和养殖环境中微生物群落结构的影响。
方法采用高通量测序技术对中华绒螯蟹肠道和养殖环境的微生物群落结构进行分析。
结果 1）套养异育银鲫对中华绒螯蟹的成活率无显著的影响（P>0.05）。2）在异育银鲫套养密度为100尾/666.7 m²时，中华绒螯蟹的终末体质量、增重率和特定生长率均显著高于其他组（P<0.05）。3）套养异育银鲫可以增加中华绒螯蟹肠道（P<0.05）和养殖环境中的微生物多样性（P>0.05）。4）套养不同密度的异育银鲫不会改变中华绒螯蟹肠道和养殖环境中优势菌门的种类，但会对其相对丰度产生一定的影响。水体中的优势菌门为变形菌门、蓝菌门和放线菌门；底泥中的优势菌门为变形菌门、放线菌门和绿弯菌门；中华绒螯蟹肠道中的优势菌门为厚壁菌门和变形菌门。5）磷酸盐（\rmPO_4^3- -P）和亚硝态氮（\rmNO_2^- -N）对水体中微生物群落结构影响较大。水体中的优势菌norank_f_norank_o_Chloroplast和LD29与pH、\rmNO_2^- -N、氨氮（NH₄⁺-N）、溶解氧（DO）、总氮（TN）呈正相关，Cyanobium_PCC-6307与\rmPO_4^3- -P、NH₄⁺-N、DO、TN呈正相关，hgcI_clade与\rmPO_4^3- -P呈正相关， Limnohabitans与高锰酸钾指数（COD_Mn）呈正相关。6）\rmPO_4^3- -P和pH对中华绒螯蟹肠道微生物群落结构具有显著的影响。中华绒螯蟹肠道的优势菌Candidatus_Bacilloplasma和嗜冷杆菌属（Psychrobacter）与pH、\rmNH_4^+ -N呈正相关，乳球菌属（Lactococcus）与\rmPO_4^3- -P、TN、DO、COD_Mn和\rmNO_2^- -N呈正相关，不动杆菌属（Acinetobacter）与\rmPO_4^3- -P、TN、COD_Mn、\rmNH_4^+ -N呈正相关，柠檬酸杆菌属（Citrobacter）与pH和DO呈正相关。
结论在本研究条件下，异育银鲫（48.53±2.11）g/尾的最优初始套养密度为100 ~ 200尾/666.7 m²。稻−蟹−鲫综合种养系统对中华绒螯蟹养殖环境和肠道微生物群落结构具有积极的作用。本研究结果为完善中华绒螯蟹健康生态养殖模式提供了数据支撑。

Abstract:
Objective The study aimed to explore the differences in microbial community structures within the intestine of Eriocheir sinensis and their respective breeding environments under varying densities of Carassius auratus gibelio var. CAS Ⅲ.
Methods High-throughput sequencing method was used to analyze microbial community structure in the intestine of E. sinensis and breeding environment.
Results 1) There was no discernible impact of C. auratus gibelio var. CAS Ⅲ on the survival rates of E. sinensis. 2) When the stocking density of C. auratus gibelio var. CASⅢ was 100 ind/666.7 m², the final body mass, weight gain rate and specific growth rate of E. sinensis were significantly higher than those of other groups. 3) C. auratus gibelio var. CAS Ⅲ could increase the microbial diversity in the intestine of E. sinensis and breeding environment, the former had a significant effect, but the latter had no significant effect. 4) In different stocking densities of C. auratus gibelio var. CAS Ⅲ, the dominant phylum in water was Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Actinobacteria; the dominant phylum in sediment was Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi; the dominant phylum in the intestine of E. sinensis was Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. 5) Phosphate (\rmPO_4^3- -P) and nitrite nitrogen (\rmNO_2^- -N) had a great effect on microbial community structure of water. The dominant genus norank_f_norank_o_Chloroplast and LD29 in water were positively correlated with pH, \rmNO_2^- -N, ammonia nitrogen (\rmNH_4^+ -N), dissolved oxygen (DO) and total nitrogen (TN). Cyanobium_PCC-6307 was positively correlated with \rmPO_4^3- -P, \rmNH_4^+ -N, DO and TN. Limnohabitans was positively correlated with the potassium permanganate index (COD_Mn). 6) \rmPO_4^3- -P and pH had a significant effect on microbial community structure of the intestine of E. sinensis. The dominant genus Candidatus_Bacilloplasma and Psychrobacter in the intestine of E. sinensis were positively correlated with pH and \rmNH_4^+ -N. Lactococcus was positively correlated with \rmPO_4^3- -P, TN, DO, COD_Mn and \rmNO_2^- -N. Acinetobacter was positively correlated with \rmPO_4^3- -P, TN, COD_Mn and \rmNH_4^+ -N. Citrobacter was positively correlated with pH and DO.
Conclusion Based on the experimental setup, an optimal stocking density for C. auratus gibelio var. CAS Ⅲ (48.53 ± 2.11) g/ind ranges between 100－200 ind/666.7 m². The rice-crab-fish farming system has been shown to positively affect the bacterial microbiota within the intestine of E. sinensis and the broader aquaculture ecosystem. This research contributes valuable insights into sustainable and healthful cultivation practices for E. sinensis.

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