Abstract:
Background Marine fouling organisms pose severe problems to aquaculture. However, the metal-based antifoulants pollute marine environment. Thus, environmentally friendly alternatives are urgently needed. Natural antifouling products are important sources of environmentally friendly antifoulants.
Objective The aim of this study is to screen out the deep-sea microbial resources with antifouling activity.
Methods Here the microorganisms from the different sediments of the deep sea were isolated and the antifouling activity of their fermentation extracts was tested using the settlement assays with the mussel Mytilopsis sallei juveniles and the bryozoan Bugula neritina larvae. Furthermore, the residual effect of the microbial extracts on M. sallei juveniles were examined.
Results The results showed that 15 microorganisms of 10 genera were isolated from 6 types of the deep-sea sediments. Marinobacter was the dominant bacterial group. The extracts of strains B2 (Alteromonas sp.), C1 (Marinobacter sp.), C2 (Escherichia sp.), E1 (Pseudoalteromonas sp.), E2 (Marinobacter sp.) and F2 (Flagellimonas sp.) inhibited settlement of M. sallei juveniles, and the extracts of the strains B1 (Marinomonas sp.), B2 (Alteromonas sp.), C2 (Escherichia sp.), C3 (Marinobacter sp.) and E2 (Marinobacter sp.) inhibited larval settlement of B. neritina. The cell extracts of strains F2 (Flagellimonas sp.) and fermentation broth extracts of C1 (Marinobacter sp.) and E2 (Marinobacter sp.) showed no residual effect on M. sallei juveniles, indicating their low toxicity.
Conclusion Eight strains of antifouling bacteria are isolated from deep-sea sediments, among which strains F2, C1, and E2 demonstrate potential in the field of environmentally friendly marine antifouling.
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