福建省11座水库碳磷比特征研究

    Study on carbon-phosphorus ratio of eleven reservoirs in Fujian Province

    • 摘要:
      背景 水中碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)是影响藻类生长的主要限制元素,也影响浮游植物的群落结构。溶解性无机碳/总磷比(DIC/TP)的研究为缓解湖泊和水库的富营养化问题提供一个新的修复解决思路。
      目的 了解2023年夏、秋季福建省不同地区的11座水库(棉花滩水库、池潭水库、山美水库、东圳水库、东张水库、山仔水库、东溪水库、石兜水库、官昌水库、塘坂水库和坂头水库)的营养状态、浮游植物群落和碳磷比特征。
      方法 在2023年夏、秋季,以福建省不同地区的11座水库为研究对象,分别进行水质、浮游植物及环境因子现场采样监测。
      结果 11座水库的综合营养状态指数(TLI)在35.9~54.4之间,其中除官昌水库处于轻度富营养化水平外,其余10座水库均处于中营养水平。11座水库共检出浮游植物5门36属,其中绿藻门最多,有15属;蓝藻门为11属;硅藻门为7属;甲藻门为2属;隐藻门为1属。11座水库浮游植物密度范围为1.13×106 ~5.77×108 个·L−1;蓝藻门在8座水库(棉花滩水库、池潭水库、东圳水库、东张水库、山仔水库、东溪水库、官昌水库、塘坂水库)中为优势门类。11座水库水体DIC/TP值为17.4~402.6,最低的是宁德市官昌水库,最高的是三明市池潭水库。通过相关性分析发现,DIC/TP与综合营养状态指数、浮游植物密度之间存在显著负相关关系。
      结论 碳磷比对浮游植物群落结构及富营养化有着显著的影响,对探究通过简单、低成本的方式来缓解富营养化具有重要的价值。
      意义 DIC/TP指标的创新,表明生物利用二氧化碳(CO2)和P的限制差异可通过调节水体中DIC浓度、TP浓度和DIC/TP值,改变浮游−沉水植物群落结构和组成,从而减缓水体富营养化进程。因此,基于水生生态系统碳磷限制效应,CO2对富营养化的缓解作用和DIC/TP指标的应用,是保护水质安全与促成水体碳增汇的双赢,也是在未来服务与管理生态系统的研究重点。

       

      Abstract:
      Background Carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in water are the main limiting elements that affect the growth of algae and the community structure of phytoplankton. The study of the dissolved inorganic carbon/total phosphorus ratio (DIC/TP) provides an important way to alleviate the eutrophication problem of reservoirs and lakes, which provides a new restoration solution of it.
      Objective The study aims to analyze the nutritional status, phytoplankton community characteristics and carbon-phosphorus ratio of 11 reservoirs (Mianhuatan Reservoir, Chitan Reservoir, Shanmei Reservoir, Dongzhen Reservoir, Dongzhang Reservoir, Shanzai Reservoir, Dongxi Reservoir, Shidou Reservoir, Guanchang Reservoir, Tangban Reservoir, and Bantou Reservoir) in different areas of Fujian Province in the summer and autumn of 2023.
      Methods In the summer and autumn of 2023, 11 reservoirs in different areas of Fujian Province were used as research objects to conduct on-site sampling and monitoring of water quality, phytoplankton and environmental factors.
      Results It was shown that the comprehensive trophic level index (TLI) of 11 reservoirs ranged from 35.9 to 54.4, while Guanchang Reservior was at the mild eutrophication level, and the other 10 reservoirs were at the mesotrophic level. A total of 5 phytoplankton were detected in the 11 reservoirs. There were 36 genera in the phylum, of which Chlorophyta had the most with 15 genus, Cyanophyta had 11 genus, Bacillariophyta had 7 genus, Pyrrophyta had 2 genus, and Cryptophyta had 1 genus. The density of phytoplankton ranged from 1.13×106 to 5.77×108 cells·L−1, and Cyanophyta was the dominant category in 8 reservoirs (Mianhuatan Reservoir, Chitan Reservoir, Dongzhen Reservoir, Dongzhang Reservoir, Shanzai Reservoir, Dongxi Reservoir, Guanchang Reservoir, and Tangban Reservoir). The DIC/TP value of water bodies in 11 reservoirs ranged from 17.4 to 402.6, with the lowest DIC/TP value was observed in Guanchang Reservoir in Ningde City, and the highest DIC/TP was observed in Chitan Reservoir in Sanming City. Through correlation analysis, it was found that there was a significant negative correlation between DIC/TP, nutritional status index and phytoplankton density.
      Conclusion The carbon-phosphorus ratio has a significant impact on the phytoplankton community structure and eutrophication, and is of great value in exploring simple and low-cost ways to alleviate eutrophication.
      Significance The innovation of DIC/TP index shows that the difference in limitations of biological utilization of CO2 and P can change the structure and composition of planktonic-submersed plant communities by adjusting the concentration of DIC, TP and DIC/TP in the water body, thereby mitigating eutrophication process in the water bodies. Therefore, based on the carbon and phosphorus limiting effect of aquatic ecosystems, considering the mitigation effect of CO2 on eutrophication and the application of DIC/TP indicators is a win-win situation for protecting water quality safety and promoting water body carbon sinks, as well as research on serving and managing ecosystems in the future.

       

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