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    Cu2+对香港牡蛎急性毒性和抗氧化酶活性的影响

    Acute toxicity and antioxidant enzyme activity effects of Cu2+ on Crassostrea hongkongensis

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      背景 香港牡蛎（Crassostrea hongkongensis）是一种肉质鲜美、营养价值丰富的经济贝类。21世纪以来，随着重金属排放日益增多，香港牡蛎的存活受到了极大的威胁。
      目的 探究铜离子（Cu2+）对香港牡蛎存活的影响。
      方法 设置5个处理组，Cu2+浓度分别为40.00、56.62、79.98、113.24和160.00 mg/L，开展96 h急性毒性试验，以及考察Cu2+胁迫对香港牡蛎不同组织（外套膜、鳃、肝胰腺、生殖腺）过氧化氢酶（CAT）、总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）和谷胱甘肽-S转移酶（GSH-ST）活性变化的影响。
      结果 在Cu2+胁迫下，香港牡蛎48、72、96 h的半致死浓度（LC50）分别为116.01、84.33、65.32 mg/L，安全浓度（SC）为0.65 mg/L。在Cu2+胁迫96 h内，随着试验时间的延长，Cu2+对香港牡蛎不同组织的抗氧化酶活性均产生显著的影响（P<0.05），其中在鳃中，CAT、T-SOD酶活力呈现先上升后下降的趋势，GSH-Px酶活力呈现波浪状变化，GSH-ST酶活力呈现先下降再上升后下降的趋势；在外套膜中，CAT酶活力呈现上升的趋势，T-SOD酶活力呈现先下降后上升的趋势，GSH-Px、GSH-ST酶活力均呈现先上升后下降的趋势；在肝胰腺中，CAT酶活力呈现上升的趋势，T-SOD酶活力呈现先下降再上升后下降的趋势，GSH-Px、GSH-ST酶活力呈现先上升后下降的趋势；在生殖腺中，CAT、GSH-Px酶活力呈现先上升后下降的趋势，T-SOD酶活力呈现先下降再上升后下降的趋势，GSH-ST酶活力呈现先下降后上升的趋势。
      结论 香港牡蛎肝胰腺的CAT、鳃的T-SOD和GSH-ST，以及生殖腺的GSH-Px等抗氧化酶对Cu2+的敏感程度具有一定的组织特异性，该发现可作为Cu2+浓度生态监测的重要依据。本试验结果可为香港牡蛎的健康养殖提供参考。

       

      Abstract:
      Background Crassostrea hongkongensis is an economically valuable shellfish known for its delicious meat and rich nutritional content. Since the 21st century, with the increasing emission of heavy metals, the survival of C. hongkongensis has been greatly threatened.
      Objective The aim of this study is to explore the effect of Cu2+ on the survival of C. hongkongensis.
      Methods Five treatment groups with copper concentrations of 40.00, 56.62, 79.98, 113.24 and 160.00 mg/L were set up to carry out acute toxicity tests within 96 h, and to investigate the effects of the activities of catalase, total superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S transferase in different tissues (mantle, gill, hepatopancreas and gonad ) of C. hongkongensis under Cu2+ stress.
      Results Under Cu2+ stress, the median lethal concentrations (LC50) of C. hongkongensis at 48, 72 and 96 h were 116.01, 84.33 and 65.32 mg/L, respectively, and the safe concentration (SC) was 0.65 mg/L. After 96 hours of Cu2+ stress, the antioxidant indices in different tissues of C. hongkongensis were significantly affected (P<0.05) with the extension of the experimental period. In the gill tissue, CAT and T-SOD exhibited an initial increase followed by a decrease, GSH-Px showed a fluctuating pattern, and GSH-ST demonstrated a decrease followed by an increase and then another decrease. In the mantle tissue, there was an upward trend observed for CAT, while T-SOD exhibited a decrease followed by an increase. GSH-Px and GSH-ST, on the other hand, displayed an initial increase before declining. In the hepatopancreas, CAT demonstrated an ascending trend, with T-SOD showing a complex pattern of decrease, increase, and subsequent decrease. GSH-Px and GSH-ST initially increased before trending downwards. Within the gonads, both CAT and GSH-Px followed a pattern of initial increase followed by a decrease, T-SOD showed a decrease-increase-decrease sequence, and GSH-ST decreased initially before increasing.
      Conclusion CAT in the hepatopancreas, T-SOD and GSH-ST in the gill, and GSH-Px in the gonad of C. hongkongensis were sensitive to Cu2+. This finding can be used as an important basis for the ecological monitoring of the concentration of Cu2+. The results of this experiment can provide reference for the healthy breeding of C. hongkongensis.

       

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