基于氮磷负荷的海水池塘虾蟹养殖容量估算

    Estimation of shrimp and crab aquaculture capacity in seawater ponds based on nitrogen and phosphorus loads

    • 摘要:
      目的 从生态环境保护角度出发,基于总磷(TP)负荷、总氮(TN)负荷及养殖尾水排放标准,应用2种模型估算海水池塘南美白对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)和三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)轮养的年养殖容量及单位面积养殖容量。
      方法 本研究选择大官坂工业与城镇用海区限养区(官坂镇辖区)海水池塘为研究区域,分别基于总磷负荷和总氮负荷模型估算一年内2个养殖阶段南美白对虾和三疣梭子蟹的养殖容量,以二者估算的最小值确定区域内的最大养殖容量。
      结果 基于总磷负荷的估算结果表明,第一养殖阶段(3月—6月)南美白对虾的最大养殖容量和单位面积养殖容量分别为588 t和1.31 t/hm2;第二养殖阶段(6月—次年2月)三疣梭子蟹的最大养殖容量和单位面积养殖容量分别为714 t和1.59 t/hm2。基于总氮负荷的估算结果表明,第一段养殖阶段南美白对虾的最大养殖容量和单位面积养殖容量分别为415 t和0.93 t/hm2;第二养殖阶段三疣梭子蟹的最大养殖容量和单位面积养殖容量分别为356 t和0.79 t/hm2。通过对比基于总磷和总氮负荷估算的养殖容量,以最小值确定研究区内南美白对虾、三疣梭子蟹的最大养殖容量的建议值分别为415和356 t,单位面积养殖容量分别为0.93和0.79 t/hm2
      结论 本研究基于总磷负荷估算的养殖容量大于总氮负荷估算的养殖容量,但养殖容量总体较低,这与养殖池塘中进、出水水质及排放标准要求密切相关。鉴于此,建议通过加强培训和宣传,提高配合饲料的使用比例,探索多营养层次综合养殖模式,配套建设生态浮床等措施,提升区域养殖容量,助力水产养殖业的绿色高质量发展。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective From the perspective of ecological and environmental protection, combined with the current status investigation, based on the total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) load and tail water discharge standards, two models were used to estimate the annual aquaculture capacity and density capacity of Litopenaeus vannamei and Portunus trituberculatus in seawater ponds
      Methods In this study, the seawater ponds in the restricted area of Daguanban industrial and urban sea area (Guanban Town area) were used as the research area. Based on the total phosphorus load and total nitrogen load models, the aquaculture capacity of L. vannamei and P. trituberculatus in two breeding stages within one year was estimated, and the maximum aquaculture capacity in the area was determined based on the minimum value estimated by the two models.
      Results The estimation results based on phosphorus load showed that the maximum aquaculture capacity and density capacity of L. vannamei in the first culture stage (March to June) were 588 t and 1.31 t/hm2,respectively. The maximum aquaculture capacity and density capacity of P. trituberculatus were 714 t and 1.59 t/hm2, respectively, in the second culture stage (from June to February of the next year).Based on the estimation results of nitrogen load, the maximum aquaculture capacity and density capacity of L. vannamei in the first stage were 415 t and 0.93 t/hm2, respectively. The maximum aquaculture capacity and density capacity of P. trituberculatus in the second culture stage were 356 t and 0.79 t/hm2, respectively. By comparing the aquaculture capacity based on TP and TN load estimation, the minimum value was used to determine the maximum aquaculture capacity of L. vannamei and P. trituberculatus in the study area. The recommended values of L. vannamei and P. trituberculatus were 415 t and 356 t, and density capacities of which were 0.93 t/hm2 and 0.79 t/hm2, respectively.
      Conclusion In this study, the aquaculture capacity based on TP load estimation is significantly higher than that based on TN load estimation, and the aquaculture capacity is generally low, which is closely related to the requirements of influent and effluent quality and emission standards in aquaculture ponds. From the perspective of environmental protection, the key is to increase the self-purification capacity of water bodies, thereby increasing environmental aquaculture capacity. Therefore, it is suggested to improve the aquaculture capacity and density capacity of the region by enhancing training and awareness campaigns, improving the replacement rate of compound feed, exploring multi-trophic level breeding methods, improving self-purification capacity, implementing ecological and environmental protection measures, and reducing pollutant emissions, so as to help the green and high-quality development of aquaculture.

       

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