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    养殖密度对马口鱼卵巢发育的影响

    Repercussions of stocking density on ovarian development in Opsariichthys bidens

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      目的 马口鱼（Opsariichthys bidens）是中国淡水养殖中极具开发潜力的经济鱼种，其肉质鲜美、适应性强，但人工繁育效率受制于亲鱼卵巢发育水平。本文旨在探究养殖密度对马口鱼亲鱼卵巢发育的影响。
      方法 选取规格一致、体格健康的马口鱼亲鱼，随机分为4个密度梯度：低密度组（M1，2 kg/m3）、中密度组（M2，4 kg/m3）和2个高密度组（M3，6 kg/m3；M4，8 kg/m3）进行培育，试验周期45 d，进行卵巢切片观察与计数，计算性腺指数、卵巢发育至Ⅳ期的相期比例；测定卵巢水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、磷和钙等常规营养组分含量；统计催产率、孵化率、受精率。
      结果 中密度组的性腺指标（13.35%±1.97%）显著高于其他密度组（P<0.05）；且中密度组卵细胞进入Ⅳ期的相期比为46.62%±3.20%，与其他组差异显著（P<0.05）；卵巢常规营养成分方面，中密度组马口鱼卵巢水分含量显著降低（P<0.05），粗脂肪含量显著提高（P<0.05），而粗蛋白、粗灰分、钙和磷的含量差异不显著（P>0.05）；繁殖力方面，中密度组的催产率（93.30%±3.30%）和孵化率（81.40%±4.00%）显著高于其他密度组（P<0.05），且受精率为最优。
      结论 上述结果表明，合理的养殖密度能在一定程度上提高马口鱼亲鱼卵巢发育水平。

       

      Abstract:
      Background Opsariichthys bidens is an economic fish species with great potential for development in freshwater aquaculture in China, with delicious meat and strong adaptability, but the efficiency of artificial breeding is limited by the level of ovarian development of the parent fish.
      Objective In order to investigate the effect of culture density on the ovarian development of parental O. bidens.
      Methods Parental O. bidens of the same specification and healthy physique were selected and randomly divided into four density gradients: a low density group (M1, 2 kg/m³), a medium density group (M2, 4 kg/m³), and two high density groups (M3, 6 kg/m³), and (M4, 8 kg/m³) for cultivation, and the experimental cycle was 45 d. The ovarian Sections of ovaries were observed and counted to calculate the gonadal index and the proportion of phases of ovarian development to stage IV; the contents of conventional nutrient fractions such as moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, phosphorus and calcium of the ovaries were determined; and statistics on the catalysis rate, hatching rate and fertilization rate were made.
      Results The results showed that the gonadal indexes of the medium density group (13.35%±1.97%) were significantly higher than those of the other density groups (P<0.05); and the phase-to-phase ratio of oocytes entering stage IV in the medium density group was 46.62%±3.20%, which was significantly different from that of the other groups (P<0.05); Regarding the conventional nutrient composition of the ovaries, the moisture content of the ovaries of the O. bidens in the medium density group was significantly lower (P<0.05) and the crude lipid content was significantly higher (P<0.05), while the differences in the contents of crude protein, ash, calcium, and phosphorus were not significant (P>0.05); In terms of fecundity, the medium density group had significantly (P<0.05) higher fecundity (93.30%±3.30%) and hatchability (81.40%±4.00%) than the other density groups and had the optimum fertilization rate.
      Conclusion The above results indicate that reasonable culture density can improve the level of ovarian development of parental O. bidens to a certain extent.

       

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