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    弓斑东方鲀全人工繁育技术研究

    Study on artificial breeding technology of cultured Takifugu ocellatus

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      目的 研究弓斑东方鲀（Takifugu ocellatus）在人工养殖条件下的生长、繁殖和性腺发育等生物学特性。
      方法 通过对人工繁育的弓斑东方鲀F1进行3年的人工养殖，观测其生长及性腺发育情况；并在繁殖季节研究不同盐度（0、5、10、15、20、25、30）对弓斑东方鲀F1成熟卵子受精和孵化的影响。
      结果 结果显示：1）在淡水饲养条件下，弓斑东方鲀1龄鱼体质量为（55.4±14.6）g，2龄鱼体质量为（105.9±25.8）g，3龄鱼体质量为（148.0±35.5）g；2龄鱼中的多数个体可发育至性成熟。2）弓斑东方鲀在福建漳州地区1年繁殖1次，繁殖时间为10月上旬到11月中旬。在淡水饲养条件下，2龄~3龄雌鱼性腺可发育至第Ⅳ期，但不能自然产卵，雌性亲鱼经注射催产激素绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）或促黄体释放激素类似物（LRH-A）可获得生理成熟的卵子。3）盐度对弓斑东方鲀成熟卵子的受精和受精卵孵化的影响较大，当盐度为0时，成熟卵子不能受精，受精卵也不能孵化；当盐度分别为5.0、10.0时，其受精率和孵化率分别为78.6%、94.4%和7.6%、31.3%。4）弓斑东方鲀的卵为黏性卵，其吸水膨胀后直径的为（1.131~1.163）mm；体质量为（82.3~115.7）g的雌性亲鱼的绝对怀卵量为（1.92~6.25）×104粒，在盐度20、水温20.2~25.5 ℃的条件下，从受精卵到仔鱼孵化需要5~6 d。
      结论 弓斑东方鲀成功全人工繁育，可初步解决弓斑东方鲀苗种来源问题，并为野生资源的增殖放流和人工规模化养殖研究奠定基础。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective The study aims to analysis the growth, reproduction, and gonadal development of Takifugu ocellatus under artificial breeding conditions.
      Methods The growth and gonadal development of artificial breeding T. ocellatus F1 were observed by three-year artificial culture, and the effects of different salinity (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30) on the fertilization and hatching of mature eggs of T. ocellatus F1 were studied during the breeding season.
      Results 1) The body mass were (55.4 ± 14.6) g at one year old, and (105.9±25.8) g at two years old, and (148.0 ± 35.5) g at three years old under freshwater rearing conditions, respectively; most individuals could develop to sexual maturity at two years old. 2) T. ocellatus reproduced once a year in the Zhangzhou area of Fujian, and the breeding time was from early October to mid-November. The gonads of female fish could develop to stage Ⅳ from 2-year-old to 3-year-old in freshwater culture conditions, but they couldn’t naturally ovulate. Female broodstocks could obtain physiologically mature eggs after injection of the hormone HCG or LRH-A. 3) Salinity had a significant effect on the fertilization of mature eggs and hatching of fertilized eggs of T. ocellatus. When the salinity was 0, mature eggs couldn’t be fertilized, and fertilized eggs couldn’t be hatched; when the salinities were 5.0 and 10.0, the fertilization rate and hatching rate were 78.6%, 94.4%, and 7.6%, 31.3%, respectively. 4) The eggs of T. ocellatus were adhesive eggs, and that of the diameter of egg after water absorption and expansion was 1.131 to 1.163 mm. The absolute egg production is (1.92－6.25)×104 eggs of female broodstocks which body mass changed from 82.3 g to 115.7 g. It took 5－6 days from fertilized eggs to the hatching of fry under the conditions of salinity 20 and water temperature 20.2－25.5 ℃.
      Conclusion The successful full-artificial breeding of T. ocellatus can initially solve the problem of seedling sources, and also lay a foundation for the research on the artificial mass breeding and the release of wild resources.

       

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