Progress in Chinese netting material research driven by ghost gear issues

Objective Netting materials are critical factors affecting the efficiency of marine fishing and the stability of aquaculture equipment. Traditional netting materials such as polyethylene and polyamide are difficult to degrade naturally in marine environments, leading to long-term persistence and widespread concern over “ghost fishing”. Analysis This paper reviews the evolution of netting materials from natural fibers to high-performance synthetic fibers, and further to functionalized and eco-friendly materials, focusing on ghost fishing issues. It analyzes the application characteristics, suitable ranges, and key points of risk control of various materials—including polyamide, polyethylene, ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyester—in fishing gear, and summarizes research progress in areas such as anti-fouling coatings, copper alloy nets, aging-resistant modifications, and biodegradable materials. Prospect Several key technical challenges remain in the field, including insufficient mechanical properties of some biodegradable materials, limited environmental adaptability of long-lasting anti-fouling systems, and susceptibility of netting materials to creep and fatigue damage under complex deep-sea conditions. Future research should further consider the synergistic relationship among mechanical performance, ecological impact, and engineering economics, with a focus on enhancing understanding of the long-term service behavior of netting materials under extreme marine conditions, thereby improving their reliability and adaptability in practical applications.