2011—2020年福建省海洋气象灾害特征分析及防御建议

    Analysis and prevention suggestions of the characteristics of marine meteorological disasters in Fujian Province from 2011 to 2020

    • 摘要: 本文统计了2011—2020年福建省海洋气象灾害过程,分析了福建省海洋气象灾害发生频次、发生期、损失程度、影响区域等特征和影响因子。结果表明,福建省海洋气象灾害发生频率高,基本上每年均会发生;发生期集中,主要为1月、7—10月;损失大,海洋气象灾害损失居福建省海洋灾害之首;影响区域广,沿海六市一区都发生过海洋气象灾害,其中宁德市、福州市、漳州市为海洋气象灾害重灾区、重点关注区、重点防御区。影响因子主要有台风和冷空气等天气系统因素、台湾海峡"狭管效应"等地理因素、沿海的海平面上升趋势作用等海洋因素。在此基础上,简要分析了福建省海洋灾害防御体系现状,提出加强海洋气象灾害预警预报能力、灾害风险管理能力和防灾减灾宣传教育等防御建议,以期为海洋渔业、海洋经济发展提供参考。

       

      Abstract: This paper reviewed the marine meteorological disasters occurred in Fujian Province from 2011 to 2020, and analyzed the characteristics of marine meteorological disasters such as frequency, occurrence time, degree of damage and the loss, and affected areas in Fujian Province, and influencing factors. The results showed the following key characteristics of Fujian marine meteorological disasters: high occurrence frequency, concentration of occurrence period, high degree of loss and a wide range of affected areas. It occured almost every year. The occurrence mainly concentrated in January, July, August, September and October. The losses of marine meteorological disaster was ranked one of the highest among marine disasters in Fujian Province. The affected areas included all six coastal cities and one district, among which Ningde City, Fuzhou City, and Zhangzhou City were seen as the key marine meteorological disaster-stricken area. The influencing factors of marine meteorological disasters mainly included weather system factors, geographic factors and marine factors. The weather system factors mainly were typhoons and cold air. The geographical factors was mainly affected by the "narrow tube effect" of the Taiwan Strait. The marine factor was mainly the rising trend of sea level along the coast of China (including Fujian). Based on the above analysis, the paper further analyzed the current situation of the marine disaster prevention system in Fujian Province, and explored some issues concerning the early warning and forecasting capabilities of marine meteorological disasters, disaster risk management, disaster prevention and mitigation publicity and education, which contribute to strengthening the meteorological disaster prevention system and offer some insights into understanding of future development of fishery and marine economy.

       

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