崇武国家海洋公园沙滩潮间带大型底栖动物群落结构研究

    Study on the macrobenthic community structure of the intertidal beach in Chongwu National Marine Park,Fujian Province

    • 摘要: 2017年3月(春季)和11月(秋季)对泉州市崇武半岛南侧的崇武国家海洋公园内3条断面进行沙滩潮间带断面调查研究。结果显示该海域潮间带大型底栖动物有82种,其中软体动物33种,甲壳动物25种,多毛类14种,其他动物(包括腔肠动物、扁形动物、纽形动物和鱼类)8种,棘皮动物2种;平均栖息密度(171.3±136.2) ind/m2,平均生物量(141.44±117.20) g/m2,软体动物在物种组成、栖息密度和生物量上均占主要优势。优势种共有8种,其中肋虫昌螺(Umbonium costatum)和等边浅蛤(Gomphina aequilatera)相对重要性指数最高。多样性指数(H')、丰富度指数(d)和均匀度指数(J)平均值分别为(1.48±0.58)、(0.52±0.27)和(0.89±0.14)。秋季的栖息密度和生物量高于春季,而多样性指数(H')、丰富度指数(d)和均匀度指数(J)则均低于春季。中潮区的种类数、栖息密度和生物量均为最高值。与其他区域沙滩潮间带相比,定量种类数处于中等水平,栖息密度为最低值,生物量较高。分析研究海域潮间带大型底栖动物群落结构,以期为该海洋公园潮间带资源保护和合理开发提供基础数据和决策依据。

       

      Abstract: In March(spring)and November(autumn)of 2017,an investigation about beach intertidal zone was conducted based on three sections in the Chongwu National Marine Park on the south side of the Chongwu Peninsula in Quanzhou City,Fujian Province.The results showed that there were 82 macrozoobenthos,including 33 Mollusca,25 Grastacea,14 Polychaeta,8 other animals(including Coelenterata,Platyhelminthes,Nemertea and fish)and 2 Echinodermata in the beach intertidal zone.The average density was(171.3±136.2)ind/m2,and the average biomass was(141.44±117.20)g/m2.Mollusca were dominant in species composition,density and biomass.There were 8 dominant species,among which Umbonium costatum and Gomphina aequilatera had the highest IRI.The average diversity index(H'),richness index(d)and evenness index(J)were(1.48±0.58),(0.52±0.27)and(0.89±0.14),respectively.Density and biomass in autumn were higher than those in spring,but diversity index(H'),richness index(d)and evenness index(J)were lower than those in spring.The number of species,density and biomass in the middle tidal area were the highest.Compared with other intertidal beach,the quantitative number of species in this area was at a middle level while the habitat density was the lowest,and the biomass was higher.The community structure of macrozoobenthos in the intertidal zone was analyzed and studied in order to provide basic data and decision-making basis for the protection and rational development of the intertidal resources in the Chongwu National Marine Park.

       

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